So, Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season 5 featured time travel. They were taken to the future, came back, things happened, and that future never came to fruition. That's how it's treated by most of the characters in the show, particuarly Fitzsimmons. That they changed time, they broke a loop, they prevented that future. This is akin to the logic we see in Ms. Marvel, and more closely to something like Back To The Future, changing the past, changes the future. Before that, they were questioning if the future can be changed, essentially if they have free will, which is more along the lines of Determinism than anything else, but that's not important to the topic at hand.

However, Deke Shaw offers a differing theory, the theory of the Multiverse that multiple universes coexist, and the two timelines in AoS S5, the main MCU timeline and the 2091 Destroyed Earth timeline were not the same, and the latter was separate from the MCU. Essentially, the Multiverse Theory (which Endgame logic was based on).

Season 7 sticks closely to the latter, and it's obvious that they follow those rules in Season 7. In spite of that, it's not as clear in Season 5. Surely, the post-S5 existance of Deke Shaw would seem to indicate that the Destroyed Earth timeline was a branch, and Deke simply traveled from one timeline to another à la Wolverine in Deadpool & Wolverine. Since, if the Destroyed Earth timeline was the prevented future, Deke would've blipped out of existance.

So, does AoS S5's dystopian future a branch, or a prevented future? The MCU has broken its own time travel rules multiple times, so the latter would still be a fair conclusion, and anything that doesn't fit, we could just say the TVA let it happen.
Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season 5's Time Travel Logic